anti-dap

Friday, May 27, 2011

中国社会老化日就是输给印度时

波恩大学社会学系教授埃里希•威德(Erich Weede)在《法兰克福汇报》撰文,认为在今后20年, 人口老化将导致印度经济增长超过中国。

在比较中国和印度时,印度潜在优势有4个即:英国的法制遗产、民主、英语和较好的人口发展。

有保障的产权和独立司法,简称法治国,被视是良好经济发展制度前提。在原则上, 印度比中国更有优势,然而只是原则上而已。这两个国家都存在着顽固的腐败问题。印度法院在判决时缓慢,以至于有司法不作为之嫌。

政治影响似乎不仅在中国,也在印度
发生即, 保护某些人不受法律追究。所以,印度的新闻自由只是一个潜在的优势。对于滥用权力,印度虽然可以比中国更自由地公开讨论,但印度的政治和行政并未因此更廉洁。

计量经济学研究表明,民主和专制在增长速度上没有明显的差别。也许民主和专制之间在增长前景上的差别根本就不在于平均值,而在于变量:民主倾向于以一般的速度与世界经济相接近地增长,而专制则会远远低于或者远远高于中间值。

中国经济史就是证明,在毛泽东领导下,中国国民经济增长比世界经济更缓慢。在所谓的大跃进中,农业生产合作社过渡到庞大的人民公社,用农村小高炉推动工业化,在这一过程中,有超过3000万人饿死,按照新的研究甚至超过4000万人。

在邓小平及其继任者领导下,中国自1979年以来经历了一个经济奇迹。 在独裁体制中,一切都取决于领导人的质量。在毛泽东领导下,中国人度过一段可怕的时光,自邓小平以来,中国的政府在经济政策上运气好些。领导人在经济上有能力,不再耽于乌托邦,但中国的一连串好运还能持续多久呢?

印度的王牌是其年轻而且不断增长的人口。在中国,人口快速老化,虽然计划生育政策没有导致妇女只生一个孩子,但中国出生率接近德国,即每个妇女大约1.3个孩子。计划生育政策可以被看作计划经济最后的'苦果'。中国的人口在20年后将会比全世界整体上都更老。

中国人像老化的欧洲和日本一样, 富有之前,就已经老矣。由于男女比例失衡,老化问题更激化,大约8000万中国男子将找不到伴侣。 中国的产权如此不可靠,持续的高速经济增长令人惊异。或许争取投资竞争迫使中国地方政府和省政府以行动表明,似乎他们愿意尊重生产资本的私人占有。但这就可以解释中国的经济增长和没有产权保障之间的矛盾了吗?

作者断言,在今后20年,印度没有机会明显地减少与中国的差距。只有中国变老了,印度的时机才会到来。

Sunday, May 15, 2011

Hishammuddin to meet chief editors of newspapers on reporting sensitive issues

Home Minister Hishammuddin Hussein plans to meet chief editors of newspapers on the reporting of sensitive issues.

He said he wanted to ensure that the chief editors exercised caution in the reporting of sensitive issues on race and religion and that they understood they would be held responsible for their action.

Commenting on a report published in Utusan Malaysia recently alleging that certain groups wanted to make Christianity the official religion, Hishammuddin said:

"There are times when the Malay community were unhappy with the reporting of the Chinese newspapers (on sensitive issues) and vice versa.

"It is the responsibility of the chief editors to ensure that their organisations do not go beyond the boundaries set in reporting such issues," he told reporters after opening the Sungai Besar Umno division delegates meeting near Sabak Bernam.

Despite the clarity of the country's publishing laws and guidelines, he said, "every paper has crossed the line (in reporting sensitive issues) one time or another. Now it's Utusan (which has crossed the line)."

Hishammuddin said that it was difficult to control the flow of information on sensitive issues, especially with the emergence of the new media.

"If it (the information) does not make it to the mainstream papers, it will somehow or rather get to the new media like online news portals, Facebook and the short messaging service," he said.